Incident Summary:
04/20/1999: Two armed high school students opened fire in Columbine High School, killing 12 students and one teacher, and wounding 24 before committing suicide. The school is located in Littleton, Colorado, U.S.A.
Overview
GTD ID:
199904200004
When:
1999-04-20
Country:
United States
Region:
North America
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Colorado
City:
Littleton
Location Details:
Near Littleton in unincorporated Jefferson County
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Armed Assault |
| Type of Attack () |
Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Educational Institution |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
Civilians |
| Specific Description |
Students and teachers at Columbine High School. |
| Nationality of Target |
United States |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
Yes |
| Number of Hostages |
56 |
| US Hostages |
56 |
| Hours of Kidnapping |
4 |
| Outcome |
Combination |
| Ransom |
No |
| Property Damage |
Yes |
| Extent of Property Damage |
Unknown |
| Value of Property Damage |
Unknown |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Firearms |
Handgun |
| Firearms |
Rifle/Shotgun (non-automatic) |
| Explosives |
Other Explosive Type |
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| The two perpetrators each had numerous guns, Molotov cocktails, knives, pipe bombs, and other types of explosive devices. |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | Yes |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | No |
| Criterion 1 () |
No |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
| Doubt Terrorism Proper () |
Yes |
| Alternate Designation () |
Other Crime Type |
Who
Perpetrator Group Information
| Group Name |
Claimed Responsibility |
| Unknown |
No |
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
2 |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
0 |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
15 Fatalities / 24 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
15 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
15 |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
2 |
| Total Number of Injured |
24 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
24 |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
| Robert Weller, “25 May Be Dead in School Shooting,” The Associated Press, April 21, 1999. |
| “Up to 25 die in shooting at Colorado high school; Sheriff says 2 gunmen on 'suicide mission',” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, April 21, 1999. |
| Ted Taylor, Chris Barker, Cox News Service, “COLORADO SCHOOL MASSACRE; Deadly suicide attack shatters Colorado school, stuns nation,” The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, April 21, 1999. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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