Incident Summary:
11/15/1970: Police Officers John B. Horton and George A. Gatchel were beat up by African Americans in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. A car driving erratically was used to lure a police patrol car to a parking lot. When Officers Horton and Gatchel got out of their car, two vehicles filled with ten to fifteen people sped into the lot. Armed with rocks, bottles, plywood, and sticks the men got out of the car and injured both police officers. The St. Petersburg Chief of Police believed that the perpetrators were inspired by the many assaults on policemen by "revolutionary extremists" throughout the United States.
Overview
GTD ID:
197011150002
When:
1970-11-15
Country:
United States
Region:
North America
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Florida
City:
St. Petersburg
Location Details:
22nd Avenue S
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Unarmed Assault |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Police |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
St. Petersburg Police Department |
| Specific Description |
Indiscriminate St. Petersburg Police Officers |
| Nationality of Target |
United States |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
No |
| Ransom |
No |
| Property Damage |
No |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Melee |
Blunt Object |
| Melee |
Hands, Feet, Fists |
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| Fist, feet, rocks, bottles, sticks, and two-by-two piece of plywood |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | No |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | No |
| Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
| Additional Information |
Both officers received injuries to their faces. Officer Horton required thirteen stitches and officer Gatchel required eight stitches. Three days later, a White revolutionary firebombed a police car in St. Petersburg and stated his support for the "Black brothers" who beat up the police officers (197011180001). |
Who
Perpetrator Group Information
| Group Name |
Claimed Responsibility |
| Black Nationalists |
No |
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
12 |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
Unknown |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
0 Fatalities / 2 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
0 |
| Total Number of Injured |
2 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
2 |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
| Guy Kovner, "2 Policemen Are Beaten," St. Petersburg, November 18, 1970. |
| Mike Foley, "3 Arrested At Scene, 2 Policemen Beaten," Evening Independent, November 16, 1970. |
| "Two Men Plead Innocent," St. Petersburg, November 21, 1970. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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