Incident Summary:
07/28/2008: On Monday, at least 25 people were killed and 180 to 185 wounded when suicide bombers targeted a crowd of Kurds protesting a draft provincial elections law in Kirkuk, At Ta'mim, Iraq. Up to two suicide bombers detonated their explosives during the protest, though source accounts are conflicting. Local sources confirmed that the attackers were women, though the U.S. military claims that there was no indication of gender. After the explosion, dozens of angry Kurds opened fire on the offices of a Turkomen political party, which opposes Kurdish claims on Kirkuk. There were no claims of responsibility for the attack.
Overview
GTD ID:
200807280010
When:
2008-07-28
Country:
Iraq
Region:
Middle East & North Africa
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Kirkuk
City:
Kirkuk
Location Details:
The attack took place during a protest in Kirkuk.
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Armed Assault |
| Type of Attack () |
Bombing/Explosion |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Private Citizens & Property |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
|
| Specific Description |
Kurdish demonstrators were targeted in the incident. |
| Nationality of Target |
Iraq |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
No |
| Ransom |
No |
| Property Damage |
Yes |
| Extent of Property Damage |
Unknown |
| Value of Property Damage |
Unknown |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Explosives |
Suicide (carried bodily by human being) |
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| Two suicide bombers were involved in the attack. |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | Yes |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | Yes |
| Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
| Doubt Terrorism Proper () |
No |
| Additional Information |
There are discrepancies in the various sources as to the specific amount of people injured in the attack, these figures (180, 185) have been averaged to preserve statistical accuracy. Additionally, sources differed with regards to suicide bombers. |
Who
Perpetrator Group Information
| Group Name |
Claimed Responsibility |
| Unknown |
No |
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
2 |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
0 |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
27 Fatalities / 183 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
27 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
2 |
| Total Number of Injured |
183 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
| Selcan Hacaoglu, "57 Killed in Iraqi Suicide Attacks," Yahoo News, http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080728/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq_25;_ ylt=Aj.M_BAayDChQX4N6gNbo0VX6GMA. |
| Lexis Nexis, "Death Toll in Kirkuk Blasts Rises to 25, Officials Comment - TV," BBC Monitoring Middle East - Political, July 28, 2008. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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