Incident Summary:
02/18/2011: On Friday evening at 1855, in Elbrus, Kabardino Balkariya, Russia, in one of two linked attacks, masked men from a black car and wearing camouflage uniforms boarded a passenger bus and demanded to see the passengers' documents. They were looking for Irina Patrusheva, who was thought to be the daughter of former FSB head Nikolai Patrusheva, but she was not related. When passengers asked for official identification from the masked men, the attackers opened fire, then fled the scene. The attack resulted in the death of three civilians, identified as Irina Patrusheva, Vyacheslav Kara, Denis Belkon and caused an unknown amount of property damage to the bus. Those wounded were identified as Valeriy Belokon, and Sergei Yefremov. Caucasus Emirate militants were suspected, but no group claimed responsibility for the attack.
Overview
GTD ID:
201102180006
When:
2011-02-18
Country:
Russia
Region:
Eastern Europe
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Kabardino Balkariya
City:
Elbrus
Location Details:
The attack occurred in Elbrus, Kabardino Balkariya, Russia.
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Armed Assault |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Private Citizens & Property |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
|
| Specific Description |
Civilians |
| Nationality of Target |
Russia |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
No |
| Ransom |
No |
| Property Damage |
Yes |
| Extent of Property Damage |
Minor (likely < $1 million) |
| Value of Property Damage |
Unknown |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Firearms |
Unknown Gun Type |
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| Unknown firearms were used in the attack. |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | No |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | Yes |
| Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
| Doubt Terrorism Proper () |
No |
Who
Perpetrator Group Information
| Group Name |
Claimed Responsibility |
| Caucasus Emirate (suspected) |
No |
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
Unknown |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
0 |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
3 Fatalities / 2 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
3 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
0 |
| Total Number of Injured |
2 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
| Amie Ferris-Rotman, "Russia Wants Tourism Halted at Ski Resort After Attack," Reuters, February 22, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/22/uk-russia-caucasus-tourism-idUSLNE71L02C20110222. |
| Maria Kiselyova, "Muscovites Gunned Down in Russia's North Caucasus," Reuters, February 19, 2011, http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/muscovites-gunned-down-in-russias-north-caucasus/. |
| Itar Tass News Agency, "Three Militants Killed in Operation in Kabardino-Balkaria," Itar Tass News Agency, February 22, 2011, http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=15980701&PageNum=0. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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