Radiological and Nuclear Threats

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Project Title	Investigators	Project Period
Dissuading Adversaries and their Radiological/Nuclear Pathways: Integrating Deterrence Theory and Analytics in the Global Nuclear Detection Architecture (GNDA)	Amy Pate, Brandon Behlendorf, Gary Ackerman, John Sawyer	October, 2013 to September, 2018
Dynamics of Terrorism and Counterterrorism Campaigns	Gary Ackerman, Joseph Young, R. Karl Rethemeyer, Victor Asal	July, 2014 to December, 2017
International and Regional Architecture Reports	Brandon Behlendorf, Emily Iarocci, Gary Ackerman, Steve Sin	May, 2012 to September, 2015
Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) Process	John Sawyer, Steve Sin	September, 2014 to June, 2015
PRND Capability Development Framework Mapping	John Sawyer, Marcus Boyd	December, 2012 to June, 2015
Mobile Radiation Detectors: Threat Perception and Device Acceptance	Brooke Liu, Elizabeth Petrun Sayers, Gary Ackerman	April, 2014 to April, 2015
Insider Threat for Inbound International Air Cargo	Gary Ackerman	October, 2013 to March, 2015
Failure Points in Smuggling Networks	Brandon Behlendorf	September, 2013 to March, 2015
Integration of International Architecture Analysis	Brandon Behlendorf, Emily Iarocci, Gary Ackerman, John Sawyer	September, 2013 to March, 2015
Organized and/or Transnational Crime/Drug Cartel Nexus with Illicit Radiological/Nuclear Trade, Smuggling and/or Terrorism in Europe and North, Sahelian and West Africa	Amy Pate, John Sawyer, Marcus Boyd, Steve Sin	September, 2013 to March, 2015
New Analytical Methods for the Exploitation of Open-Source Structured Databases to Enhance Situational Awareness for Effective Counter-WMD Strategies	Ronald Breiger, Gary Ackerman, Victor Asal, H. Brinton Milward, R. Karl Rethemeyer	March, 2010 to March, 2014
Anatomizing Radiological and Nuclear Non-State Adversaries	Gary Ackerman, Jeffrey Bale, R. Karl Rethemeyer	June, 2012 to January, 2014
Radiological/Nuclear Adversaries Future Project	Gary Ackerman, John Sawyer	October, 2012 to December, 2013
The Threat of Pakistani Criminal Organizations: Assessing the Potential for Involvement in Radiological/Nuclear Smuggling, Collaboration with Terrorist Groups and the Potential to Destabilize the Pakistani State	Amy Pate, Gary Ackerman	April, 2012 to July, 2012
Global Nuclear Detection Architecture: A Study of South Asia	Sharad Joshi	October, 2008 to September, 2009
More Bang for the Buck?: Examining the Effect of Technological Change on Terrorist Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction	Gary Ackerman, Jeffrey Bale	July, 2005 to September, 2009
Distinctive Characteristics of Terrorist Groups	Gary LaFree, Laura Dugan	January, 2005 to June, 2009
Terrorist Groups and Weapons of Mass Destruction	Gary Ackerman, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, R. Karl Rethemeyer, Victor Asal	July, 2005 to May, 2008

Project Title	Publication Date	START Authors	Publication Type
"Deterring Nuclear or 'WMD' Terrorism," Prepared for presentation to the Conference on "Deterring Terrorism: Theory and Practice	February 2010	Crenshaw, Martha	Conference Paper
A.Q. Khan Nuclear Smuggling Network	March 2016		Journal Article
An Army of One: Assessing CBRN Pursuit and Use by Lone Wolves and Autonomous Cells	January 2014	Ackerman, Gary; Pinson, Lauren	Journal Article
Are Conditions Ripe for Negotiating with Iran?	April 2008	Kull, Steven	Journal Article
Attacking Nuclear Facilities: Hype or Genuine Threat?	January 2016	Ackerman, Gary; Halverson, James	Book Chapter
Aum Shinrikyo’s Nuclear and Chemical Weapons Development Efforts	March 2016	Smith, Daniel	Journal Article
CBRN Activity and Attacks by Insurgent Organizations	October 2015	Ackerman, Gary; Rethemeyer, R. Karl; Asal, Victor	Research Brief
Characteristics of Jihadists Who Use or Pursue CBRN: A Quantitative Approach	November 2007	Rethemeyer, R. Karl; Asal, Victor	Book Chapter
Community-Level Indicators of Radicalization: A Data and Methods Task Force	February 2010	Fishman, Shira	Report
Conclusion	November 2007	Ackerman, Gary	Book Chapter
Connections Can be Toxic: Terrorist Organizational Factors and the Pursuit of CBRN Weapons	February 2012	Ackerman, Gary; Rethemeyer, R. Karl; Asal, Victor	Journal Article
Countering Nuclear and Radiological Materials Illicit Trafficking Through Maritime Security Initiatives: Paper Tiger or Concrete Solution? A Case Study	May 2015	Sin, Steve	Conference Paper
Defining Knowledge Gaps Within CBRN Terrorism Research	November 2008	Ackerman, Gary	Book Chapter
Developing Consensus on Strengthening Article X(1) of the NPT	February 2015	Murauskaite, Egle	Research Brief
Diffusing Portable Radiation Detectors Among First Responders: Device Acceptance and Implications for Community Resilience	August 2016	Liu, Brooke; Petrun Sayers, Elizabeth; Ackerman, Gary; Roberts, Holly	Book Chapter
Federal Funding for Health Security in FY2016	June 2015	Sell, Tara	Journal Article
From Factors to Actors: Enhancing the Reliability of CBRN Analysis	April 2016	Ackerman, Gary; Pinson, Lauren; Breiger, Ronald	Journal Article
Gauging the Threat	August 2013	Ackerman, Gary; Pinson, Lauren	Journal Article
Insider Threat for Inbound International Air Cargo	October 2015	Sin, Steve
Introduction to the Forum: Non-State Actors, Terrorism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction	February 2005	Wilkenfeld, Jonathan; Asal, Victor	Journal Article
Islamist Use and Pursuit of CBRN Terrorism	November 2008	Rethemeyer, R. Karl	Book Chapter
Jihadist Ideology and Strategy and the Possible Employment of 'Weapons of Mass Destruction	November 2007	Bale, Jeffrey	Book Chapter
Jihadists and WMD: a re-evaluation of the future threat	October 2014	Ackerman, Gary	Journal Article
Maritime Security Initiatives: A Paper Tiger or a Concrete Solution?	November 2016	Sin, Steve	Journal Article
Nuclear Smuggling and Threats to Lithuanian Security	December 2016	Murauskaite, Egle	Journal Article
Nuclear Terrorism: Countering the Threat	March 2016	Ackerman, Gary; Halverson, James; Boyd, Marcus; Sin, Steve	Book
Nuclear Weapons and Existential Threats: Insights from a Comparative Analysis of Nuclear-Armed States	October 2014	Asal, Victor	Journal Article
Profiling the WMD Terrorism Threat	November 2008	Ackerman, Gary; Bale, Jeffrey	Book Chapter
Radiological/Nuclear Detection Capability Development Framework Mapping Tool	March 2016	Boyd, Marcus; Sin, Steve	Project Fact Sheet
Review of Bob Graham, et.al, World at Risk: The Report of the Commission on the Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism	June 2009	Ackerman, Gary	Book Review
Review of Janja Lalich, Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults	March 2005	Bale, Jeffrey	Book Review
Searching for the Nuclear Silk Road: Geospatial Analysis of Potential Illicit Radiological and Nuclear Material Trafficking Pathways	January 2016	Boyd, Marcus; Sin, Steve	Book Chapter
START Annual Meeting 2016: Quick-Fire Presentation - Unconventional Weapons and Technology, Political Instability, Risk Communication	October 2016	Ackerman, Gary; LaFree, Gary; Roberts, Holly; Halverson, James; Binder, Markus; Egnoto, Michael; Sin, Steve
Terrorism Trends with a Focus on Energy and Mining	June 2015	Pate, Amy	Research Brief
Terrorist Organizational Factors and the Pursuit and Use of CBRN Terrorism	March 2006	Ackerman, Gary	Conference Paper
Testimony before United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Hearing on Nuclear Terrorism: Assessing the Threat to the Homeland	April 2008	Ackerman, Gary	Report
The DNI's Open Source Center: An Organizational Communication Perspective	February 2007	Bean, Hamilton	Journal Article
The Future of Jihadists and WMD	November 2007	Ackerman, Gary	Book Chapter
The Interplay between Terrorism, Nonstate Actors, and Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Exploration of the Pinkerton Database	March 2005	LaFree, Gary; Dugan, Laura	Journal Article
The Psychology of Terrorism: "Syndrome" Versus "Tool" Perspectives	November 2005	Kruglanski, Arie	Book Chapter
The Trust Paradox in Nuclear Smuggling	December 2015	Murauskaite, Egle	Journal Article
Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) Process: Assessing RN Threat Inclusion	March 2016	Spalding, Sarah; Sin, Steve; Sell, Tara	Research Brief
Transnational Illicit Trafficking (TransIT) Geospatial Tool	March 2016	Boyd, Marcus; Sin, Steve	Project Fact Sheet
Transnational Illicit Trafficking (TransIT) Geospatial Tool: Project Fact Sheet	September 2013	Sawyer, John; Bluestone, Ruth	Project Fact Sheet
Understanding the Adoption Process of National Security Technology: An Integration of Diffusion of Innovations and Volitional Behavior Theories	February 2017	Liu, Brooke; Smith, Daniel; Ackerman, Gary; Roberts, Holly; Egnoto, Michael	Journal Article
WMD Terrorism Research: Whereto from Here?	July 2005	Ackerman, Gary	Journal Article

Title	Byline
START student named Marshall Scholar	Abby Robinson
START research contributes to radiation safety guide	Jessica Rivinius
START study leads to support for SLTT officials	Jessica Rivinius
Scavenger hunt activity helps START team assess capability of mobile radiation detectors
START launches online course on terror-crime nexus and CBRN	Beth Schwartz
Research Brief: Terrorism Trends with a Focus on Energy and Mining
Gary Ackerman, Steve Sin Represent START at 2015 CBRNe USA Conference	Samara Tu
Hybrid organizations have greater motivational and operations ability for RN trafficking	Liz Wasden
START researcher presents paper on preventing illegal weapons trafficking in international waters at CBRNe USA Conference	Samara Tu
The Non-Conventional Threat CBRNe event series comes to America
START Newsletter: Global terrorism increasing; GTD 2012 dataset released; New cyber research
Background Report: Truck carrying radioactive material stolen in Mexico
START researchers available to discuss radioactive material stolen in Mexico	Jessica Rivinius
START seeking 2014 Outstanding Article Award nominations	Jessica Rivinius
START aims to strengthen defense capabilities against WMD-seeking terrorists	Laura Walker
START Symposium showcases impactful research, datasets	Mary Beck, Jessica Rivinius
Breiger turns regression models 'inside out'	Emily Smith
Researcher Spotlight: Ronald Breiger	Emily Smith
Hybrid political criminal organizations pose RN smuggling threat
START researchers present work on transnational criminal organizations, terrorism and radiological/nuclear (RN) smuggling
CBRN terrorism by non-state actors	Sacha Ginsberg
Database Spotlight: Radiological and Nuclear Non-State Adversaries (RANNSAD)	Emily Bonta
Researcher Spotlight: Lauren Pinson	Nicholas Munson
Database spotlight: Big Allied and Dangerous (BAAD)	Emily Bonta
START workshop gives better understanding of CBRN technologies	Emily Bonta
New study shows alliances and not religious ideology are key to forecasting CBRN pursuit
The tradeoffs between protecting against man-made and natural disasters	Kelly Kline
START Partner Center for Biosecurity Launches
START Researchers Present at American Political Science Association Annual Conference
JOB OPPORTUNITY: START Special Research Projects IT Assistant
Press Release: START Panel Addresses Key Questions in Terrorism
Current Job Opportunities at START
Apply Now: Summer Workshop on Teaching about Terrorism
START Advisory Board member quoted in "Daily Telegraph" and CNN
START Announces Fellowships for 2005-06

Title	Job Title	Institution
Amy Pate	Research Director, START	University of Maryland
Ann Norwood	Senior Associate	University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Brandon Behlendorf	Assistant Director for Research Development/Senior Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Christian Leuprecht	Assistant Professor of Political Science and Economics	Royal Military College
Egle Murauskaite	Non-resident Fellow, ICONS Project, START	University of Maryland
Elizabeth Petrun Sayers	Associate Behavioral and Social Scientist, RAND Corporation	University of Maryland
Emily Iarocci	Senior Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Gabrielle Matuzsan	Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Gary Ackerman	Director, Unconventional Weapons and Technology Division, START	University of Maryland
Herbert Tinsley	Researcher, START	University of Maryland
James Halverson	Researcher, START	University of Maryland
John Sawyer	Commercialization Director, START	University of Maryland
Joshua House	Junior GIS Analyst, START	University of Maryland
Marcus Boyd	START Senior Researcher, GIS	University of Maryland
Michelle Jacome	Project Manager/Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Mila Johns	Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Prabhakar Misra	Professor of Physics	Howard University
R. Karl Rethemeyer	Associate Professor of Public Administration & Policy	University at Albany, State University of New York
Rebecca (Becca) Earnhardt	Junior Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Ronald Breiger	Professor of Sociology	University of Arizona
Salma Bouziani	Project Manager/Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Sarah Spalding	Researcher/Analyst, START	University of Maryland
Sharad Joshi	Research Associate	Monterey Institute of International Studies
Steve Sin	Senior Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Victor Asal	Associate Professor of Political Science	University at Albany, State University of New York