Incident Summary:
07/19/1984: Twelve members of The Order took part in the robbery of a Brinks armored car, on California Highway 20, between U.S. Highway 101 and Lake Mendocino outside of Ukiah, California, in the United States, shortly after noon. In the midst of the robbery, the perpetrators, all but one, wearing bandannas over their faces, and one dressed in disguise as a woman, used a variety of firearms to stop the Brinks truck and its drivers and steal $3.6 million. During the event, one perpetrator held up a note, reading "Get out or die" (similar to the note used in the April 23 armored truck robbery in Seattle, Washington). Even though shots were fired, there were no injuries or casualties from the robbery. However, the tires of the Brinks truck were shot flat to stop it. Eventually, ten people were charged with the robbery.
Overview
GTD ID:
198407190009
When:
1984-07-19
Country:
United States
Region:
North America
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
California
City:
Near Ukiah
Location Details:
California Highway 20, between U.S. Highway 101 and Lake Mendocino outside of Ukiah, California
What
Attack Information
Type of Attack () |
Armed Assault |
Type of Attack () |
Facility/Infrastructure Attack |
Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
Target Type: Business |
Name of Entity |
Brink's US (a division of Brink's Incorporated) |
Specific Description |
Brink's US armored truck, and the three Brink's guards inside the truck |
Nationality of Target |
United States |
Additional Information
Hostages |
No |
Ransom |
No |
Property Damage |
Yes |
Extent of Property Damage |
Major (likely > $1 million but < $1 billion) |
Value of Property Damage |
$3,600,000.00 |
How
Weapon Information
Type |
Sub-type |
Firearms |
Rifle/Shotgun (non-automatic) |
Firearms |
Handgun |
Firearms |
Automatic Weapon |
Weapon Details |
9mm H&K rifle; 469 Smith & Wesson 9mm pistol; two Heckler & Koch .308 caliber semi-automatic rifles; AR-15 .223 rifle; Israeli 9mm Uzi; Ingram MAC-10 automatic machine pistol |
Additional Information
Suicide Attack? | No |
Part of Multiple Incident? | No |
Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
Criterion 2 () |
No |
Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
Additional Information |
Upon speeding away from the scene in two Ford pickup trucks that they bought prior to the heist, the perpetrators threw roofing nails in the road to sabotage other cars. After the men got away, they stopped at the Palmo Recreational area, where they switched cars, transferred all the money and belongings, and changed their clothes before pulling back onto the highway. In addition to the twelve perpetrators who committed the robbery, a former Brink's employee, Charles E. Ostrout , acted as an accessory as he helped the group plan the robbery in advance by providing information on the truck driver's route. Strout was eventually indicted, and sentenced to 5 years for racketeering. Of the 12 perpetrators, Andrew Barnhill, Randolph Duey, James Dye, Randall Evans, Richard Kemp, Bruce Pierce, Gary Yarbrough, Robert Merki, Richard Scutari, Denver Parmenter were charged with armored car robbery and various other racketeering charges under the RICO Act. It is unclear whether each of them was convicted for this particular incident, but overall, all ten of them were sentenced for their crimes with the Order after either trials or plea agreements, and received a range of prison sentences. William Soderquist walked free after he became a witness for the government and was placed in the witness protection program. Robert Mathews died in a fire in his home, after a shoot out with the police. |
Who
Perpetrator Statistics
Number of Perpetrators |
12 |
Number of Captured Perpetrators |
10 |
Casualty Information
Total Number of Casualties |
0 Fatalities / 0 Injured |
Total Number of Fatalities |
0 |
Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
0 |
Total Number of Injured |
0 |
Number of U.S. Injured |
0 |
Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt, "The Silent Brotherhood: Inside America's Racist Underground," The Free Press, Macmillan Inc., 1989. |
Mark S. Hamm, "Terrorism as Crime: From Oklahoma City to Al-Qaeda and Beyond," New York University Press, 2007. |
Brent L. Smith, "Terrorism in America: Pipe Bombs and Pipe Dreams," State University of New York Press, 1994. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties