Incident Summary:
10/28/1996: Two members of the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and Earth Liberation Front (ELF), Jacob Ferguson and Josephine Overaker, were responsible for placing two incendiary devices at the Detroit Ranger Station in the Williamette National Forest in Detroit, Oregon in the United States. One device was lit and placed on the roof of the station, and the second ignited in the back of one of the United States Forest Service (USFS) pickup trucks. The one on the roof failed to detonate, but the arson from the second incendiary caused about $21,500 worth of damage to the ranger station facilities. There were no casualties in the incident. Ferguson and Overtaker also spray-painted graffiti on the trucks and walls of the building with slogans such as “Earth Liberation Front," the anarchist “A,” and “STOP RAPING OUR FORESTS U.S.F.S.” Ferguson and Overtaker were part of a group calling themselves "The Family," which proceeded to commit nearly 20 arson and ecotage attacks over a 6 year period. Upon fear of a life behind bars, Ferguson became a government informant and witness in the case, landing him a sentence of 2 years probation, and as of 2008, Overtaker remained a fugitive being sought by the government after being indicted for her involvement in the crimes.
Overview
GTD ID:
199610280012
When:
1996-10-28
Country:
United States
Region:
North America
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Oregon
City:
Detroit
Location Details:
at the Detroit Ranger Station in Williamette National Forest in Detroit, OR
What
Attack Information
Type of Attack () |
Facility/Infrastructure Attack |
Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
Target Type: Government (General) |
Name of Entity |
United States Forest Service, Detroit Ranger Station |
Specific Description |
building and trucks of the US Forest Service Detroit Ranger Station in Oregon |
Nationality of Target |
United States |
Additional Information
Hostages |
No |
Ransom |
No |
Property Damage |
Yes |
Extent of Property Damage |
Minor (likely < $1 million) |
Value of Property Damage |
$21,500.00 |
How
Weapon Information
Type |
Sub-type |
Incendiary |
Gasoline or Alcohol |
Weapon Details |
two incendiary devices lit with incense sticks |
Additional Information
Suicide Attack? | No |
Part of Multiple Incident? | No |
Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
Additional Information |
Ferguson and Overtaker also spray-painted graffiti on the trucks and walls of the building with slogans such as “Earth Liberation Front," the anarchist “A,” and “STOP RAPING OUR FORESTS U.S.F.S.” Additionally, Elisha Dimatteo gave Ferguson and Overtaker a ride to Detroit and waited in the car while they placed the incendiaries at the station; however, the two never told Dimatteo of the incident, and it appears she was in no way knowingly involved in the actions of ALF or ELF. She was never charged in the incident, but it is unknown if she was a member of either ELF or ALF. Ferguson and Overtaker were part of a group of about 20 members from ELF and ALF, who called themselves "The Family" and committed nearly 20 acts of arson and ecotage over a 6 year period from 1995 through 2001. By 2006, all but four of the perpetrators had been captured for their roles in various incidents, and by 2008, the 16 indicted members had been convicted and sentenced for their crimes. Four remained fugitives, including Overtaker. Ferguson received 2 years probation in exchange for his role as a government informant and key witness. |
Who
Perpetrator Statistics
Number of Perpetrators |
2 |
Number of Captured Perpetrators |
1 |
Casualty Information
Total Number of Casualties |
0 Fatalities / 0 Injured |
Total Number of Fatalities |
0 |
Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
0 |
Total Number of Injured |
0 |
Number of U.S. Injured |
0 |
Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
Brent L. Smith and Kelly R. Damphousse, " Patterns of precursor behaviors in the life span of a U.S. environmental terrorist group," Criminology & Public Policy, Volume 8, Issue 3, 2009. |
U.S. Government’s Sentencing Memorandum for CR 06-60069, CR 06-60070, CR 06-60071, CR 06-60078, CR 06-60079, CR 06-60080, CR 06-60120, CR 06-60122, CR 06-60123, CR 06-60124, CR06-60125, and CR 06-60126. U.S. District Court: District of Oregon, Eugene, 2007. |
William McCall, "Radical 'snitch' in Western arsons gets probation," Associated Press State & Local Wire, June 4, 2008. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties