Incident Summary:
04/01/2011: On Friday, in La Purisima village in Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur, Philippines, six unidentified gunmen of the Manaobo tribe kidnapped 16 people attending a graduation ceremony of an elementary school and demanded the release of their leader, Ondo Perez, before they would free the hostages. The hostages were 14 adults including teachers and education department district officials and two children aged 10 and 13. The hostages were kept in two houses near the homes of the militants’ relatives in the jungle. On 04/03/2011 three of the hostages were released and the kidnappers received assurances from the government that Perez would be tried fairly. On 04/05/2011 the remaining 13 hostages were freed unharmed. The kidnappers were said to be former members of local militia forces that were given firearms to help defend remote communities in Mindanao from guerrilla attacks. After they were separated from the government militia, their guns were never recovered which is why they were armed. No group claimed responsibility.
Overview
GTD ID:
201104010009
When:
2011-04-01
Country:
Philippines
Region:
Southeast Asia
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Agusan del Sur
City:
Prosperidad
Location Details:
At an elementary school in La Purisima village, Prosperidad.
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Educational Institution |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
|
| Specific Description |
Teachers, education department district officials and children attending a graduation ceremony |
| Nationality of Target |
Philippines |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
Yes |
| Number of Hostages |
16 |
| US Hostages |
0 |
| Days of Kidnapping |
4 |
| Outcome |
Hostage(s) released by perpetrators |
| Ransom |
No |
| Property Damage |
Unknown |
| Extent of Property Damage |
Unknown |
| Value of Property Damage |
Unknown |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Firearms |
Unknown Gun Type |
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| Unknown firearms were used in the attack. |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | No |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | No |
| Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
| Doubt Terrorism Proper () |
No |
Who
Perpetrator Group Information
| Group Name |
Claimed Responsibility |
| Unknown |
No |
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
6 |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
0 |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
0 Fatalities / 0 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
0 |
| Total Number of Injured |
0 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
| Xinhua News Agency, “Gunmen in S. Philippines Threaten to Hurt Captives if Troops Attempt Rescue,” LexisNexis Academic, Xinhua News Agency, April 2, 2011. |
| Teresa Cerojano, “Gunmen in South Philippines Kidnap 16, Set Demands,” LexisNexis Academic, Associated Press, April 2, 2011. |
| Agence France Presse, “Philippines Says Tribal Gunmen Free 13 Hostages,” LexisNexis Academic, Agence France Presse, April 6, 2011. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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