Incident Summary:
02/01/2012: Three birdwatchers were kidnapped in Panglima Sugala district, Tawi-Tawi province, Philippines. Their boat was intercepted by five armed assailants, who let the watchers' escorts go before abducting Dutch citizen Ewold Horn, Swiss citizen Lorenzo Vinciguerra, and Philippine citizen Ivan Sarenas. Ivan Sarenas escaped shortly after the abduction and Lorenzo Vinciguerra was injured and escaped on December 6, 2014. Ewold Horn was killed while attempting to escape on May 31, 2019. No group claimed responsibility for the incident; however, sources attributed the attack to the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG).
Overview
GTD ID:
201202010017
When:
2012-02-01
Country:
Philippines
Region:
Southeast Asia
Province/administrative
region/u.s. state:
Tawi-Tawi
City:
Panglima Sugala district
What
Attack Information
| Type of Attack () |
Hostage Taking (Kidnapping) |
| Successful Attack? () |
Yes |
Target Information ()
| Target Type: Tourists |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
Not Applicable |
| Specific Description |
Birdwatcher: Ewold Horn |
| Nationality of Target |
Netherlands |
| Target Type: Tourists |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
Not Applicable |
| Specific Description |
Birdwatcher: Lorenzo Vinciguerra |
| Nationality of Target |
Switzerland |
| Target Type: Tourists |
|---|
| Name of Entity |
Not Applicable |
| Specific Description |
Birdwatcher: Ivan Sarenas |
| Nationality of Target |
Philippines |
Additional Information
| Hostages |
Yes |
| Number of Hostages |
3 |
| US Hostages |
0 |
| Days of Kidnapping |
2676 |
| Outcome |
Combination |
| Ransom |
No |
| Property Damage |
No |
How
Weapon Information
| Type |
Sub-type |
| Explosives |
Other Explosive Type |
| Firearms |
Automatic Weapon |
| Weapon Details |
|---|
| Five rifles, one of which was an M-16 bearing an attached grenade launcher, was used in the attack. |
Additional Information
| Suicide Attack? | No |
| Part of Multiple Incident? | No |
| Criterion 1 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 2 () |
Yes |
| Criterion 3 () |
Yes |
| Doubt Terrorism Proper () |
No |
Who
Perpetrator Statistics
| Number of Perpetrators |
Unknown |
| Number of Captured Perpetrators |
0 |
Casualty Information
| Total Number of Casualties |
1 Fatalities / 1 Injured |
| Total Number of Fatalities |
1 |
| Number of U.S. Fatalities |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrator Fatalities |
0 |
| Total Number of Injured |
1 |
| Number of U.S. Injured |
0 |
| Number of Perpetrators Injured |
0 |
Sources
Sources
| "Philippine search fails to find kidnapped Europeans," Agence France Presse -- English, February 2, 2012. |
| "Two Europeans kidnapped in Philippines: military," Agence France Presse -- English, February 1, 2012. |
| "Dutch hostage held in Philippines killed in gun battle," Al Jazeera, May 31, 2019. |
Criteria
Criteria 1
The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
Criterion 2
There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
Criterion 3
The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law (particularly the prohibition against deliberately targeting civilians or non-combatants.
Doubt Terrorism Proper
The existence of a "Yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper?" records reservation, in the eyes of GTD analysts, that the incident in question is truly terrorism. Such uncertainty, however, was not deemed to be sufficient to disqualify the incident from inclusion into the GTD. Furthermore, such a determination of doubt is subsequently coded by GTD analysts as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Alternate Designation
The determination of "yes" for "Doubt Terrorism Proper" by GTD analysts is coded as conforming to one of four possible alternative designations: 1) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 2) Internecine Conflict Action; 3) Mass Murder; or 4) Purely Criminal Act.
Successful Attack
Success of a terrorist strike is defined according to the tangible effects of the attack. For example, in a typical successful bombing, the bomb detonates and destroys property and/or kills individuals, whereas an unsuccessful bombing is one in which the bomb is discovered and defused or detonates early and kills the perpetrators. Success is not judged in terms of the larger goals of the perpetrators. For example, a bomb that exploded in a building would be counted as a success even if it did not, for example, succeed in bringing the building down or inducing government repression.
Type of Attack
This field captures the general method of attack and often reflects the broad class of tactics used. It consists of the following nine categories:
- Assassination
- Armed Assault
- Unarmed Assault
- Bombing/Explosion
- Hijacking
- Hostage taking (Barricade Incident)
- Hostage taking (Kidnapping)
- Facility / Infrastructure Attack
- Unknown
Target Information
This field captures the general type of target. It consists of the following 22 categories:
- Abortion Related
- Airports & Airlines
- Business
- Government (General)
- Government (Diplomatic)
- Educational Institution
- Food or Water Supply
- Journalists & Media
- Maritime (includes Ports and Maritime facilities)
- Military
- NGO
- Other
- Police
- Private Citizens & Property
- Religious Figures/Institutions
- Telecommunication
- Terrorists
- Tourists
- Transportation (other than aviation)
- Unknown
- Utilities
- Violent Political Parties
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