Chemical and Biological Threats

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Project Title	Investigators	Project Period
Advancing U.S. CWMD/CWMT Capabilities in Support of the SIGMA+ Program through Development of Anticipatory Human Social Systems Models and Adversary Weapon Selection Decision Processes	Steve Sin, Thomas Guarrieri	March, 2020 to March, 2022
Integrated Discovery of Emerging and Novel Technologies (IDENT)	Steve Sin	June, 2018 to July, 2020
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency SIGMA+	Thomas Guarrieri, Marcus A. Boyd, Steve Sin	July, 2018 to April, 2020
Global Terrorism Database (GTD) Acceleration	Erin Miller	January, 2019 to January, 2020
Global Terrorism Database (GTD)	Erin Miller, Gary LaFree, Laura Dugan	June, 2001 to January, 2020
Profiles of Incidents Involving CBRN and Non-state Actors (POICN) Database	Markus Binder	March, 2010 to June, 2018
Profiling the CB Adversary: Motivation, Psychology and Decision	Gary Ackerman	April, 2016 to December, 2017
Dynamics of Terrorism and Counterterrorism Campaigns	Gary Ackerman, Joseph Young, R. Karl Rethemeyer, Victor Asal	July, 2014 to December, 2017
Consensus Framework for Informing Decision-Making in the Biological Threat Characterization Program	Gary Ackerman	September, 2013 to September, 2014
Anatomizing the Behavior of Chemical and Biological Non-State Adversaries	Gary Ackerman, Victor Asal	June, 2012 to May, 2014
New Analytical Methods for the Exploitation of Open-Source Structured Databases to Enhance Situational Awareness for Effective Counter-WMD Strategies	Ronald Breiger, Gary Ackerman, Victor Asal, H. Brinton Milward, R. Karl Rethemeyer	March, 2010 to March, 2014
Organizational Factors in the Successful Application of 'Community Engagement' Principles for Bioterrorism Preparedness	Monica Schoch-Spana	June, 2008 to December, 2011
Domestic Weapons of Mass Destruction: Populations at Risk from U.S. Chemical Facilities Releases	Susan Cutter	June, 2008 to October, 2011
More Bang for the Buck?: Examining the Effect of Technological Change on Terrorist Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction	Gary Ackerman, Jeffrey Bale	July, 2005 to September, 2009
Effective Organizational Communication During Crises: Learning from the 2001 Anthrax Attacks	Caron Chess	May, 2005 to May, 2009
Population Vulnerability Analysis, Spatial Social Science, and GIS	Susan Cutter	May, 2005 to May, 2009
Death in a Small Package: A Social History of Anthrax	Susan Jones	June, 2005 to June, 2008
Best Practices for Preparing Communities: Citizen Engagement in Public Health Planning	Monica Schoch-Spana	May, 2005 to May, 2008

Project Title	Publication Date	START Authors	Publication Type
A Historical Overview of Biological Weapons Identification, Characterization, and Attribution	November 2007	Ackerman, Gary; Asal, Victor	Book Chapter
An Army of One: Assessing CBRN Pursuit and Use by Lone Wolves and Autonomous Cells	January 2014	Ackerman, Gary; Pinson, Lauren	Journal Article
Anatomizing Chemical and Biological Non-State Adversaries	March 2014	Ackerman, Gary; Binder, Markus	Research Brief
Application of a Profile Similarity Methodology for Identifying Terrorist Groups That Use or Pursue CBRN Weapons	September 2017	Ackerman, Gary; Milward, H. Brinton; Rethemeyer, R. Karl; Breiger, Ronald; Asal, Victor	Book Chapter
Assessing the Bioweapons Threat	August 2015	Ackerman, Gary	Journal Article
Aum Shinrikyo’s Nuclear and Chemical Weapons Development Efforts	March 2016	Smith, Daniel	Journal Article
CBRN Activity and Attacks by Insurgent Organizations	October 2015	Ackerman, Gary; Rethemeyer, R. Karl; Asal, Victor	Research Brief
Characteristics of Jihadists Who Use or Pursue CBRN: A Quantitative Approach	November 2007	Rethemeyer, R. Karl; Asal, Victor	Book Chapter
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Terrorism	April 2018	Ackerman, Gary	Book Chapter
Conclusion	November 2007	Ackerman, Gary	Book Chapter
Conference Report--Disease, Disaster, and Democracy: The Public's Stake in Health Emergency Planning	October 2006	Schoch-Spana, Monica	Journal Article
Connections Can be Toxic: Terrorist Organizational Factors and the Pursuit of CBRN Weapons	February 2012	Ackerman, Gary; Rethemeyer, R. Karl; Asal, Victor	Journal Article
Death in a Small Package: A Short History of Anthrax	November 2007	Jones, Susan	Book
Defining Knowledge Gaps Within CBRN Terrorism Research	November 2008	Ackerman, Gary	Book Chapter
Expert Views on Biological Threat Characterization for the U.S. Government: A Delphi Study	March 2017	Ackerman, Gary	Journal Article
Extremists and Unconventional Weapons: Examining the Pursuit of Chemical and Biological Agents	December 2019	Guarrieri, Thomas	Journal Article
Facilitation of Risk Communication During the Anthrax Attacks of 2001: The Organizational Backstory	October 2007	Chess, Caron	Journal Article
False Alarms, Real Challenges - One University's Communication Response to the 2001 Anthrax Crisis	June 2006	Chess, Caron	Journal Article
Federal Funding for Health Security in FY2016	June 2015	Sell, Tara	Journal Article
From Factors to Actors: Enhancing the Reliability of CBRN Analysis	April 2016	Ackerman, Gary; Pinson, Lauren; Breiger, Ronald	Journal Article
Gauging the Threat	August 2013	Ackerman, Gary; Pinson, Lauren	Journal Article
Hacking the Human Body: The Cyber-Bio Convergence	April 2019	Earnhardt, Rebecca (Becca)	White Paper
Hindsight Not 20/20 for Smallpox Research	January 2015		Discussion Point
Influenza Vaccine Scarcity 2004–05: Implications for Biosecurity and Public Health Preparedness	September 2005	Schoch-Spana, Monica	Journal Article
Introduction to the Forum: Non-State Actors, Terrorism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction	February 2005	Wilkenfeld, Jonathan; Asal, Victor	Journal Article
Islamic State Chemical Weapons: A Case Contained by its Context?	March 2018	Tinsley, Herbert; Quigley, Jillian; Binder, Markus	Journal Article
Islamist Use and Pursuit of CBRN Terrorism	November 2008	Rethemeyer, R. Karl	Book Chapter
It is Hard to Predict the Future: Evolving Nature of Threats and Vulnerabilities	January 2006	Ackerman, Gary	Journal Article
Jihadist Ideology and Strategy and the Possible Employment of 'Weapons of Mass Destruction	November 2007	Bale, Jeffrey	Book Chapter
Jihadists and WMD: a re-evaluation of the future threat	October 2014	Ackerman, Gary	Journal Article
Miscommunication during the anthrax attacks: How events reveal organizational failures	January 2007	Chess, Caron	Journal Article
Motivations, Mechanisms and Determinants of Terrorist Technology Transfer	October 2017	Ackerman, Gary; Halverson, James; Earnhardt, Rebecca (Becca)	Research Brief
Nuclear Terrorism: Countering the Threat	March 2016	Ackerman, Gary; Halverson, James; Boyd, Marcus; Sin, Steve	Book
Pick Your POICN: Introducing the Profiles of Incidents involving CBRN and Non-State Actors (POICN) Database	March 2019	Ackerman, Gary; Binder, Markus	Journal Article
Profiling the CB Adversary: Motivation, Psychology and Decision	September 2017	Davenport, Cory; Ackerman, Gary; Tinsley, Herbert; Binder, Markus; Earnhardt, Rebecca (Becca); Sell, Tara Kirk	Research Brief
Profiling the WMD Terrorism Threat	November 2008	Ackerman, Gary; Bale, Jeffrey	Book Chapter
Public Responses to Extreme Events: Top 5 Disaster Myths	October 2005	Schoch-Spana, Monica	Conference Paper
Radiological/Nuclear Detection Capability Development Framework Mapping Tool	March 2016	Boyd, Marcus; Sin, Steve	Project Fact Sheet
Review of Bob Graham, et.al, World at Risk: The Report of the Commission on the Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism	June 2009	Ackerman, Gary	Book Review
Review of Safe Food: Bacteria, Biotechnology, and Bioterrorism, by Marion Nestle	January 2006	Schoch-Spana, Monica	Journal Article
Ricin Letters Mailed to President and Senator	April 2013	Ackerman, Gary; Pinson, Lauren; Johns, Mila	Background Report
Singapore-Malaysia-Indonesia-US Dialogue on Biosecurity	December 2015		Journal Article
South Africa's Project Coast: "Death Squads," Covert State-Sponsored Poisonings, and the Dangers of CBW Proliferation	January 2006	Bale, Jeffrey	Journal Article
Speaking with One Voice: Risk Communication Lessons from the US Anthrax Attacks	June 2006	Chess, Caron	Journal Article
START Annual Meeting 2016: Quick-Fire Presentation - Unconventional Weapons and Technology, Political Instability, Risk Communication	October 2016	Ackerman, Gary; LaFree, Gary; Roberts, Holly; Halverson, James; Binder, Markus; Egnoto, Michael; Sin, Steve	Presentation
Terrorism Risk and Optimal Policy Response: Theory and Empirics	October 2019	Mohtadi, Hamid	Journal Article
Terrorist Organizational Factors and the Pursuit and Use of CBRN Terrorism	March 2006	Ackerman, Gary	Conference Paper
The Curious Incident of the Bench in the Daylight	April 2018	Quigley, Jillian; Binder, Markus; Earnhardt, Rebecca (Becca)	Journal Article
The DNI's Open Source Center: An Organizational Communication Perspective	February 2007	Bean, Hamilton	Journal Article
The Future of Jihadists and WMD	November 2007	Ackerman, Gary	Book Chapter
The Interplay between Terrorism, Nonstate Actors, and Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Exploration of the Pinkerton Database	March 2005	LaFree, Gary; Dugan, Laura	Journal Article
The thin red line	March 2013	Johns, Mila	Op-ed
Transnational Illicit Trafficking (TransIT) Geospatial Tool: Project Fact Sheet	September 2013	Sawyer, John	Project Fact Sheet
US Competitiveness in Synthetic Biology	December 2015		Journal Article
WMD Terrorism Research: Whereto from Here?	July 2005	Ackerman, Gary	Journal Article
WMD Terrorism: The Once and Future Threat	May 2018	Ackerman, Gary; Jacome, Michelle	Journal Article

Title	Byline
Islamic State Chemical Weapons: A Case Contained by its Context?	Shruti Bhatt
START study leads to support for SLTT officials	Jessica Rivinius
START launches online course on terror-crime nexus and CBRN	Beth Schwartz
Gary Ackerman, Steve Sin Represent START at 2015 CBRNe USA Conference	Samara Tu
Former START intern strives to create culture of responsible scientific investigation	Liz Wasden
START researcher presents paper on preventing illegal weapons trafficking in international waters at CBRNe USA Conference	Samara Tu
The Non-Conventional Threat CBRNe event series comes to America
START’s Steve Sin chaired CBRNe Asia 2014 conference	Laura Gonzalez
Are U.S. chemical facilities still open to terrorist attacks?	Gary Ackerman, Markus Binder, Robert Denaburg
Research identifies most likely non-state chem-bio threats	Jessica Rivinius
START seeking 2014 Outstanding Article Award nominations	Jessica Rivinius
START aims to strengthen defense capabilities against WMD-seeking terrorists	Laura Walker
Breiger turns regression models 'inside out'	Emily Smith
Researcher Spotlight: Ronald Breiger	Emily Smith
CBRN terrorism by non-state actors	Sacha Ginsberg
Researcher Spotlight: Lauren Pinson	Nicholas Munson
Database spotlight: Big Allied and Dangerous (BAAD)	Emily Bonta
START workshop gives better understanding of CBRN technologies	Emily Bonta
New study shows alliances and not religious ideology are key to forecasting CBRN pursuit
JOB OPPORTUNITY: START Special Research Projects IT Assistant
Press Release: START Panel Addresses Key Questions in Terrorism
Current Job Opportunities at START
Recommendations from START-sponsored Working Group on Community Engagement in Health Emergency Planning
Apply Now: Summer Workshop on Teaching about Terrorism
Partner Institution Releases Comments on Quarantine Rules
START Advisory Board member quoted in "Daily Telegraph" and CNN
START Announces Fellowships for 2005-06

Title	Job Title	Institution
Alexandra Williams	Junior Researcher	University of Maryland
Ann Norwood	Senior Associate	University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Cory Davenport	Research Scientist, SAIC
Emily Iarocci	Senior Advisor, TechOp Solutions International
Gabrielle Matuzsan	Analyst, Government Accountability Office
Gary Ackerman	Associate Professor, SUNY Albany	University at Albany, State University of New York
Herbert Tinsley	Analyst, Government Accountability Office
Jillian Quigley	J.D. Candidate	University of Virginia
Karina Panyan	Research Assistant, Global Terrorism Database (GTD), START	University of Maryland
Lyubov Mincheva	Executive Director, Graduate Program in International Relations and Security Studies	University of Sofia, Bulgaria
Markus Binder	Project Manager/Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Megan Rutter	Junior Researcher, START	University of Maryland
Mila Johns	Former Researcher	None
Prabhakar Misra	Professor of Physics	Howard University
R. Karl Rethemeyer	Associate Professor of Public Administration & Policy	University at Albany, State University of New York
Rebecca (Becca) Earnhardt	PhD student	University of Maryland
Ronald Breiger	Professor of Sociology	University of Arizona
Tara Kirk Sell	Senior Associate	Johns Hopkins University
Tyler A. Clark	Junior Researcher, UWT	University of Maryland
Victor Asal	Associate Professor of Political Science and Chair of Public Administration	University at Albany, State University of New York